Chapter 1
Phonological and Phonemic Awareness and Emergent Literacy
Course: Elementary Education Multiple Subjects 7001
Subject: Elementary Education Teaching Reading Subtest 7002
Chapter: Written Expression
1. Overview
In elementary education, students are expected to learn how to produce multiple types of writing, each with its own purpose, structure, and language features. The three core text types emphasized in most literacy standards (including the Common Core State Standards) are:
- Informational or expository writing
- Argument, persuasive, or opinion writing
- Narrative writing
Each type requires explicit instruction in its conventions and structures. Students must be taught to identify the purpose of each form and apply the appropriate organization, tone, and evidence required to meet that purpose. Instruction should include direct modeling, mentor text analysis, guided practice, and opportunities for independent writing.
2. Informational/Expository Writing
Purpose: To inform, explain, describe, or teach the reader about a topic using factual information.