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Assessment_Guide_For_Educators_Math (Page 6)
6 Assessment Guide for Educators: Mathematical Reasoning Chapter 1: Assessment Targets Mathematical Practices In addition to the content-based indicators, the GED® Mathematical Reasoning test also focuses on reasoning skills. These skills are embodied by the GED® Mathematical Practices which are based on two sets of standards:
- The Standards for Mathematical Practice found in career- and college-readiness standards for mathematics
- The Process Standards found in the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, published by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics The content indicators and mathematical practices found in the GED® Mathematical Reasoning Assessment Targets, though related, each cover different aspects of item content considerations. • The content indicators focus on mathematical content, as typically seen in state standards frameworks and, to some extent, the career- and college-readiness standards for mathematics. The indicators describe very specific skills and abilities of which test takers are expected to demonstrate mastery. • The mathematical practices, in contrast, focus on mathematical reasoning skills and modes of thinking mathematically. Most of these skills are not content-specific, meaning that a mathematical practice indicator could be applied to items that cover a range of content domains (e.g. algebra, data analysis, number sense). The measurement of these skills is very much in keeping with the Standards for Mathematical Practice, which were created in order to “describe varieties of expertise that mathematics educators at all levels should seek to develop in their students” . 1 The mathematical practices provide specifications for assessing real-world problem-solving skills in a mathematical context rather than requiring students only to memorize, recognize and apply a long list of mathematical algorithms. It is crucial to assess both content and reasoning, but it is unrealistic for each individual test item to address both types of skills. The GED® test does include some items, however, in which See Appendix B for the reference for each code identified in the “References” column in the Mathematical Reasoning Assessment Targets. 1 Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (2010), p.6