Statistics, Probability, and Interpreting Data Displays

Statistics, Probability, and Data Displays

Statistical literacy tests your ability to summarize data distributions and calculate probabilities.

Measures of Central Tendency

• Mean (Average): Sum of all values divided by total count of values.
• Median: The middle value when data is ordered from least to greatest. If the count is even, average the two middle values.
• Mode: The most frequently occurring value(s).
• Range: Difference between highest and lowest value ($\text{Maximum} - \text{Minimum}$).

Simple Probability

$$P(\text{Event}) = \frac{\text{Number of Favorable Outcomes}}{\text{Total Possible Outcomes}}$$

• Probability is always a value between $0$ (impossible) and $1$ (certain), or $0\%$ to $100\%$.