Chapter 1
Human Development and Individual Learning Differences
Course: Special Education Foundational Knowledge 5355
Subject: Special Education Foundational Knowledge 5355
Chapter: Professional Learning Practice And Collaboration Of Special Education Foundational Knowledge 5355
This lesson focuses on the ethical and legal frameworks that guide special education. It covers the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Section 504, and other major legislation, along with foundational learning theories that inform instruction. Understanding these laws, policies, and ethical principles ensures that students with exceptionalities are identified accurately, placed appropriately, and provided instruction and supports in a fair, evidence-based, and equitable manner.
Legal Definitions and Processes under IDEA
IDEA provides the legal structure for identifying, evaluating, and providing services to students with disabilities ages 3–21. Teachers must understand the 13 disability categories recognized under IDEA:
- Specific Learning Disability (e.g., dyslexia, dyscalculia)
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Intellectual Disability
- Emotional Disturbance
- Speech or Language Impairment
- Other Health Impairment (e.g., ADHD)
- Developmental Delay (ages 3–9)
- Orthopedic Impairments
- Hearing Impairments
- Visual Impairments
- Deaf-Blindness
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
- Multiple Disabilities