Newton's Laws of Motion, Forces, and Acceleration

Newton's Laws of Motion, Forces, and Acceleration

Physical Science accounts for ~40% of Science questions.

Newton's Three Laws of Motion

1. First Law (Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net external force.
2. Second Law ($F = ma$): Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration ($F = ma$).
   • Acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass: $$a = \frac{F}{m}$$
3. Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Formulas

• $$\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$
• $$\text{Acceleration} = \frac{\Delta v}{t} = \frac{v_f - v_i}{t}$$