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Assessment_Guide_For_Educators_Science (Page 42)
42 Assessment Guide for Educators: Science Appendix D Author’s purpose/intent (do not substitute meaning, summary, author’s point of view, perspective): the reason an author composes a text or other document (e.g., to convince an audience to use reusable bags rather than paper, to explain Lincoln’s stance on abolition of slavery) Bias (do not substitute propaganda, author’s credibility): a particular tendency (of an author or a group), especially ones that prevents unprejudiced consideration Claim (do not substitute stance, argument author’s purpose, author’s point of view, hypothesis, position, perspective): an assertion of something as fact Compute/computation/calculate/calculation: to determine by mathematical methods (for our purposes, arithmetically or algebraically) Conclusion/conclude (do not substitute generalization, hypothesis, inference, application, summarize, predict): a statement that follows logically from another or others in an argument (Note: arguments may be text-based, mathematical, scientific, etc.) Create (do not substitute apply, analyze, synthesize): to originate or invent (e.g., an original line of reasoning) Data (do not substitute information): individual facts, statistics, or pieces of information (can be qualitative or quantitative). See information for disambiguation. Dependent variable: the variable that may change as a result of the independent variable Detail (do not substitute idea): a small part than can be considered individually Evaluate (do not substitute interpret, infer, summarize, analyze): to make a judgment about the significance, worth, validity, or quality of something. Evidence (do not substitute detail, reasoning): that which tends to prove or disprove something; grounds for belief Finding (do not substitute conclusion, evidence, assumption): that which is discovered through research or study (See conclusion for disambiguation— these concepts are closely related) Format (do not substitute genre): general appearance, style, arrangement (e.g., of a text)