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14 Assessment Guide for Educators: Science Chapter 2: Item Types & Layouts test stimuli reflect the focusing theme of either “Human Health and Living Systems” or “Energy and Related Systems” as identified in the GED® Science Assessment Targets. (See Chapter Three: Assessment Targets: Science for more information.) Multiple choice (MC) Multiple choice (MC) items consist of a question accompanied by several possible answer choices. This item type is used to assess aspects of every Science Practice and Content Topic listed in the GED® Science Assessment Targets. Multiple choice items continue to be a reliable method for measuring skills and knowledge at a range of cognitive levels in a standardized manner. MC items on the GED® test have four answer options. Fill-in-the-blank (FIB) Fill-in-the-blank (FIB) items consist of a sentence with one or more blanks for the test-taker to complete. These items give test- takers the opportunity to construct a very brief response, like a single word or a short phrase, when potential answers have little variability. For example, this item type is used when an item calls for a response to a specific calculation or the identification of a specific quantity from a graphic representation of data. Drag-and-drop Drag-and-drop items are interactive tasks that require test-takers to move images or words to designated “drop targets” on a computer screen. On the Science test, this item type is used to measure a test-taker’s skills with regard to assembling data or comparing and classifying information. For instance, an item could ask test- takers to place organisms in specific locations on a food web. Other examples of tasks well-suited to drag-and-drop items are ones in which test-takers place labels on a graph or chart, fill in a Venn diagram with data from a brief textual stimulus, order steps in a scientific experiment, or place data points from a given context into a chart, table, or graphical model. Drop-down Drop-down items have a drop-down menu embedded within a brief text. They are used to give test-takers opportunities to choose the correct response to complete statements. Test-takers are given the advantage of seeing the complete statements they create in an interactive manner on screen. These items measure many of the